|
Paul Edwards (September 2, 1923 – December 9, 2004) was an Austrian-American moral philosopher. He was the editor-in-chief of MacMillan's eight-volume ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' from 1967, and lectured at New York University, Brooklyn College and the New School for Social Research from the 1960s to the 1990s.〔Bayot, Jennifer. (Edwards' obituary at wasm.us "Paul Edwards, Professor and Editor of Philosophy, dies at 81" ), ''The New York Times'', December 16, 2004.〕 ==Life and career== Edwards was born Paul Eisenstein in Vienna in 1923 to assimilated Jewish parents,〔 the youngest of three brothers. According to Peter Singer, his upbringing was non-religious. He distinguished himself early on as a gifted student and was admitted to the Akademisches Gymnasium, a prestigious Viennese high school. When Germany annexed Austria in 1938, Edwards was sent by his family to Scotland, later joining them in Melbourne, Australia, where the family name was changed to Edwards. He attended Melbourne High School, graduating as dux of the school, then studied philosophy at the University of Melbourne, completing a B.A. and M.A.〔Singer, Peter. "Philosopher insisted on clarity and rigour," ''The Age'' (Melbourne), January 14, 2005.〕 He was awarded a scholarship to study in England in 1947, but on his way there, he stopped in New York and ended up staying there for the rest of his life, apart from a brief period teaching at the University of California in Berkeley. He was awarded his doctorate by Columbia University in 1951.〔 While writing his doctoral thesis he contacted Bertrand Russell because he shared Russell's scepticism about religious belief. This led to a lasting friendship and a number of joint projects. Edwards collected Russell's writings on religion and published them 1957, with an appendix on "the Bertrand Russell case," under the title ''Why I am not a Christian''.〔 He taught at New York University until 1966, at Brooklyn College from then until 1986, and at the New School from the 1960s until 1999.〔 Edwards was characterized by Michael Wreen as "mixed one part analytic philosopher to one part ''philosophe''" with "a deep respect for science and common sense." His considerable influence on moral philosophy came from two works he edited, a very widely used introductory book he co-edited with Arthur Pap (''A modern introduction to philosophy'', 1965), and the famous ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', an eight-volume "massive Enlightenment work with notable analytic sensibility."〔Wreen, Michael. "Edwards, Paul," in Ted Honderich (ed.). ''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy''. Oxford University Press, 1955, p. 220.〕 He was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Humanist Manifesto II )〕 A friend wrote in an obituary: "Those who knew Edwards will always remember his erudition and his wicked sense of humour. (... ) Given Paul's own biting wit, it's not surprising that he so admired Voltaire and Russell. (... ) Never one to hide his own unbelief, he often commented that his two main goals were to demolish the influence of Heidegger and keep alive the memory of Wilhelm Reich, the much-reviled psychoanalyst whose critiques of religion Edwards felt remained valid.〔''Tim Madigan remembers Paul Edwards (1923–2004)''. In: The Bertrand Russell Society Quarterly, Issue Nr. 127, August 2005〕 Edwards was also sympathetic to the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard, although he detested Kierkegaardian existentialist admirers such as Heidegger and William Barrett for confusing and conflating Kierkegaardian terminology.〔Edwards, P. (1971). Kierkegaard and the 'Truth' of Christianity. Philosophy, 46, pp 89-108. doi:10.1017/S0031819100017150.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Edwards (philosopher)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|